The Alarming Summer of 2024
Summer 2024 in Bengaluru has presented a grim preview of the city’s future. According to a recent study by the Centre for Ecological Sciences at the Indian Institute of Science, the city has seen a significant loss of its green cover and water bodies—66% and 74% respectively—while its built-up areas have increased by 584%. This environmental shift, exacerbated by the El Nino phenomenon, has left the city struggling to cope with rising temperatures and diminishing resources.
A Future at Risk
The projections for 2038 are even more concerning, with forecasts suggesting nearly complete urbanization of Bengaluru’s landscape. Green spaces could dwindle to as little as 0.65%, and paved surfaces are expected to cover over 98% of the city. This transformation is predicted to intensify the urban heat island effect, leading to higher land temperatures and increased heat-related illnesses.
The Urban Heat Island Effect
Professor T.V. Ramachandra from the CES highlights the drastic increase in land surface temperature over the years due to the reduction of heat sinks like water bodies and trees. The urban heat island effect is raising both temperatures and humidity levels, posing serious health risks.
Historical Wisdom and Modern Challenges
Harini Nagendra of Azim Premji University points out that Bengaluru’s early settlers had a deep understanding of the landscape, which is evident from the ancient inscriptions and the strategic placement of lakes and orchards known as ‘gundathopes.’ These early efforts at urban planning are in stark contrast with the city’s current struggles against concrete and heat.
The Power of Greenery
Research indicates that areas with significant green cover in Bengaluru enjoy much cooler temperatures. Trees not only reduce air pollutants but also moderate city temperatures significantly—making shaded areas dramatically cooler compared to exposed surfaces.
The Urgency of Reforestation
Science supports the need for a green cover of at least 33% in urban areas to enhance human well-being and ecological balance. However, with only 17 trees per 100 people, Bengaluru falls short of this mark. More trees are needed to mitigate the effects of urban heat and improve air quality.
Broader Implications for Karnataka
The water crisis is not confined to Bengaluru alone. Karnataka and neighboring states face severe water shortages, affecting both residents and businesses. The rapid depletion of borewells and reduced rainfall due to erratic monsoon patterns have contributed to this dire situation. The crisis calls for urgent action in water management and sustainable practices.
To prevent Bengaluru from becoming unlivable, it is crucial to revive its lakes and nurture its greenery. As the city faces mounting challenges due to climate change and urbanization, embracing sustainable development and conservation practices becomes imperative.